A recent report from Barna Group identifies the most post-Christian cities in America, and seven Northeast urban areas top the list with majority post-Christian populations.

Barna based its figures on telephone and online interviews with 76,505 adults over a seven-year period ending in April 2016. Researchers classified respondents as post-Christian when they exhibited nine or more of the following characteristics:

“These are unique days for the church in America as it learns what it means to flourish in a new ‘post-Christian’ era.”

• Do not believe in God
• Identify as atheist or agnostic
• Disagree that faith is important in their lives
• Have not prayed to God in the last week
• Have never made a commitment to Jesus
• Do not believe the Bible is accurate
• Have not donated money to a church in the last year
• Have not attended a Christian church in the last six months
• Agree that Jesus committed sins
• Do not feel a responsibility to “share their faith”
• Have not read the Bible in the last week
• Have not volunteered at church in the last week
• Have not attended Sunday school in the last week
• Have not attended religious small group in the last week
• Bible engagement scale: low (have not read the Bible in the past week and disagree strongly or somewhat that the Bible is accurate)
• Not born again

Based on Barna’s metric, these are the 10 most post-Christian U.S. urban areas:

1. Portland and Auburn, Maine (57 percent post-Christian population)
2. Boston, Mass., and Manchester, N.H. (56 percent)
3. Albany, Schenectady and Troy, N.Y. (54 percent)
4. Providence, R.I., and New Bedford, Mass. (53 percent)
5. Burlington, Vt., and Plattsburgh, N.Y. (53 percent)
6. Hartford and New Haven, Conn. (52 percent)
7. New York City (51 percent)
8. San Francisco, Oakland and San Jose, Calif. (50 percent)
9. Seattle and Tacoma, Wash. (50 percent)
10. Buffalo, N.Y. (50 percent)

“Rates of church attendance, religious affiliation, belief in God, prayer and Bible-reading have all been dropping for decades,” the report says. “By consequence, the role of religion in public life has been slowly diminishing, and the church no longer functions with the cultural authority it held in times past. These are unique days for the church in America as it learns what it means to flourish in a new ‘post-Christian’ era.”